Modern sensors have a dynamic range of about 10 to 12 stops not bits. In order to keep the file size down, you can specify a file format that allows for intermediate bit-depths (probably what the RAF file does), chop of a few bits, compress the file or a combination of these things (no idea what they do for the 10-bit DNG). I think, I read a while ago that the DNG file format is very close to the TIF format, so in addition to the full dynamic range information from your sensor you get a whole bunch of 0's as well, which then blows up your file size. So 10 or 12 bits from the sensor need to be put into a 16 bit file, but that leads to 4 - 6 bits that need to be padded with 0's (empty information). Now, AFAIK the TIF specification only allows for 8 or 16 bits of information to be stored in a TIF file. Modern camera sensors have a dynamic range of about 10 - 12 bits (that roughly means they can distinguish between 2^10 to 2^12 or 1024 to 4096 intensity values). DNG file sizes, I guess, it depends how these different file formats handle 'empty' information. Regarding the 10-bit- vs 16-bit and the RAF vs.
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